How did we get from landlines to cell phones? Here’s a quick history:
• 1873- British physicist James Clerk Maxwell ( 1831-1879) published the theory of electromagnetism, explaining how elecricity can make magnetism and vice-versa.
• 1876- Scottish- born inventor Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) developed the first telephone while living in the United States ( though there is some dispute about whether he was actually the original inventor.) Later, Bell developed something called a “photophone” that would send and receive phone calls using light beams. It was really a distant ancestor of the mobile phone.
• 1888- German physicist Heinrich Hertz ( 1857-1894) made the first electromagnetic radio waves in his lab.
• 1894- British physicist Sir Oliver Lodge (1851-1940) sent the first message using radio waves in Oxford, England.
• 1898- Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) sent radio waves across the English Channel. By 1901 Marconi had sent radio waves across the Atlantic, from Cornwall in England to Newfoundland.
• 1906- American engineer Reginald Fessenden (1866-1932) became the first person to transmit the human voice using radio waves. He sent a message 11miles from a transmitter at Brant Rock, Massachusetts to ships with radio receivers in the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1920s- Emergency services began to experiment with cumbersome radio telephones.
• 1940s- Mobile radio telephone started to become popular with emergency services and taxis.
• 1946- AT&T and Southwestern Bell introduced their Mobile Telephone System (MTS) for sending radio calls between vehicles.
• 1960s- Bell Laboratories (Bell Labs) developed Metro liner mobile cell phones on trains.
• 1973- Martin Cooper (1928)- of Motorola made the first cell phone call using his 28-Ib prototype DynaTAC phone.
• 1975- Cooper and his colleagues were granted a patent for their radio telephone system.
• 1978- Analog Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was introduced in Chicago by Illinois Bell and AT&T.
• 1982- European telephone companies agree a worldwide standard for how cell phones will operate, which is named Group Special Mobile and later Global System for Mobile (GSM) telecommunications.
• 1984- Motorola DynaTAC becomes the world’s first commercial handheld cell phone.
• 1995- GSM and a similar system called PCS ( Personal Communications Services) were adopted in the United States.
• 2000- GSM had captured over 70 percent of the world cell phone market.
• 2001- Third-generation ( 3G and 3.5G) cell phone were launched, featuring faster network, Internet access, and music downloads, and many more advanced features based on digital technology.
The world of cell phone - cell phones is changing the way the world connects. In the early 1990s, only one per cent of the world’s population owned a cell phone; today nearly a quarter of people make their phone calls this way.
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